Agglomeration externalities, innovation and regional growth: Theoretical perspectives and meta-analysis

Technological change and innovation and are central to the quest for regional development. In the globally-connected knowledge-driven economy, the relevance of agglomeration forces that rely on proximity continues to increase, paradoxically despite declining real costs of information, communication and transportation. Globally, the proportion of the population living in cities continues to grow and sprawling cities remain the engines of regional economic transformation. The growth of cities results from a complex chain that starts with scale, density and geography, which then combine with industrial structure characterised by its extent of specialisation, competition and diversity, to yield innovation and productivity growth that encourages employment expansion, and further urban growth through inward migration. This paper revisits the central part of this virtuous circle, namely the Marshall-Arrow-Romer externalities (specialisation), Jacobs externalities (diversity) and Porter externalities (competition) that have provided alternative explanations for innovation and urban growth. The paper evaluates the statistical robustness of evidence for such externalities presented in 31 scientific articles, all building on the seminal work of Glaeser et al. (1992). We aim to explain variation in estimation results using study characteristics by means of ordered probit analysis. Among the results, we find that the impact of diversity depends on how it is measured and that diversity is important for the high-tech sector. High population density increases the chance of finding positive effects of specialisation on growth. More recent data find more positive results for both specialization and diversity, suggesting that agglomeration externalities become more important over time. Finally, primary study results depend on whether or not the externalities are considered jointly and on other features of the regression model specification

Real symmetric random matrices and replicas

Various ensembles of random matrices with independent entries are analyzed by the replica formalism in the large-N limit. A result on the Laplacian random matrix with Wigner-rescaling is generalized to arbitrary probability distribution.Comment: 17 page

Un modèle analytique des transferts de technologie

This study deals with international technology transfers. A theoretical and analytical model is presented as well as applications to real international economic problems. In the first part the author reminds the Ricardian model with a continuous of goods. In the second part, the model is applied to the study of technology transfers and an attempt is made to deal with endogeneous technological change using Pugel's approach. In the last part, the model is applied to the following questions: free technology transfer, the choice of an appropriate technology, the relation between wage rate and technology transfers

The Brazilian Maxixe

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/1419/thumbnail.jp

Uncle Sam : March and Two Step

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/2957/thumbnail.jp

Star Of Love : Reverie

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/3650/thumbnail.jp